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Brihadeeswarar Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram
Brihadeshwara Temple (also called Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple and Gangaikondacholeeswaram) is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in Gangaikonda Cholapuram, Ariyalur district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is one of the largest temples in India and is an example of Dravidian architecture during the Chola period. It was built by Rajendra Chola I and completed in 1035 AD.
The temple stands amidst dilapidated walls. The vimanam (temple tower) is high and modelled similar to the Brihadeeswarar Temple at Thanjavur. The temple is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Tamil Nadu.
The temple is open from 6 am - 12:30 pm and 4:30 - 8:00 pm on all days. Four daily rituals and many yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the Shivarathri during the Tamil month of ''Masi'' (February - March), Aipassi Pournami during ''Aipassi'' (October - November) and Thiruvadirai during ''Margazhi'' (December - January) being the most prominent. The temple is declared as a heritage monument and administered by the Archaeological Survey of India as a protected monument. The temple is declared a CE is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, along with the Brihadeeswara Temple at Thanjavur, Airavatesvara temple at Darasuram that are referred to as the Great Living Chola Temples.
==Architecture==
The temple is built in an elevated structure with the courtyard measuring by . The presiding deity, Brihadeeswarar, in the form of Lingam is housed in the central shrine. The sanctum measures and is approached through a Mukhamandapa and an Ardhamandapa, both columned halls. The sanctum is guarded by Dvarapalas, the guarding deities, each tall. The vimanam (temple tower) is high, which is smaller than the Thanjavur temple. Compared to the Thanjavur temple, which has straight contours, this temple has it concave. Experts believe that the decision to make it smaller than the Thanjavur temple is considering the father - son hereditary aspect and also to treat this as the feminine equivalent of the Thanjavur temple. The image of the Lingam is tall and is the largest for any Shiva temple. There is an image of Nandi located axially facing the sanctum, which is constructed in such a way that it reflects Sun light on to the sanctum. The bull is made of stucco and fallen stones.〔 A stone named Chandrakanta is laid in the sanctum that keeps the sanctum cold during summer and warm during summer. The image of Periyanagai is housed in an south facing shrine and is tall.〔 There are five shrines around the sanctum and a Lion well, which is believed to be an addition during the 19th century. There are around 50 sculptural relief around the walls of the sanctum, three of which of Nataraja, Saraswathi and Shiva garlanding the devotee being the most prominent. Some believe that the devotee is Chandesa, while other consider it that of Rajendra himself. There are other niches around the walls of the temple depicting various forms of Shiva, Durga and Vishnu. There are many bronze statues in the temple depicting Chola art of the times, with the one of Subramanya being the most recognised.
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